Tipos de muelles: ¿Cuál es el mejor?

Whether you’ve just purchased a property on the water or want to revamp your current one, you’re probably considering building a dock. Docks are useful and valuable no matter where on the water you are situated.

If you’re ready to enjoy your own dock but find yourself baffled by the different dock types, let the EZ Dock experts lend you some advice. Our water experts and enthusiasts are here to help you choose the ideal dock that will let you spend less time on upkeep and more time in the water. Since 1991, we’ve matched boat owners with floating docks that meet and exceed their unique personal watercraft (PWC) needs.

Lea la guía completa sobre las opciones de acoplamiento o vaya a una sección específica: 

• Cómo determinar sus necesidades de muelle
• Ventajas de tener un muelle propio 
• Tipos de muelles permanentes
• Tipos de muelles desmontables
• Materiales del muelle
• Peligros potenciales para la seguridad en los muelles
• Muelles diseñados para condiciones de aguas bravas
• Cómo elegir el mejor material para el muelle

Cómo determinar sus necesidades de muelle

When determining your dock needs, you need to consider several different factors. You can choose from many types of docks for lakes, oceans, and dams, each with different material choices. Dock placement is also important, as the tide or bottom conditions can determine which type best suits your waterfront area. While different docking systems and configurations offer their own benefits, certain structures will better align with specific needs.

Although there are assorted types of boat docks, you can place them in one of two general categories — removable and permanent docks. Permanent dock structures are installed securely into the ground with the intent to remain there permanently. Removable docks are typically semipermanent with the option to expand, reconfigure or remove them as necessary. When choosing a dock style, the first step would be to decide on the location and ask yourself the following questions:

• ¿Qué profundidad tiene el agua y cómo son las condiciones del fondo? 
• ¿El muelle debe ser permanente, ajustable o desmontable?
• ¿Cuántas embarcaciones, kayaks u otras motos acuáticas deberá albergar simultáneamente el muelle?
• ¿Las subidas y bajadas del nivel del agua limitarán el uso del muelle?
• ¿Estará el muelle expuesto al hielo durante el invierno si la superficie se congela?
• ¿Hay en su zona mucho tráfico de embarcaciones o tormentas frecuentes?
• ¿Cuánto está dispuesto a gastar en la construcción y el mantenimiento de su muelle?
• ¿Vas a encargar la instalación del muelle o buscas una opción que puedas hacer tú mismo?
• Will you use the dock for private or commercial applications?

Si instalar un muelle en una zona o añadiendo valor a un espacio comercial, deberá tener en cuenta cómo podrían cambiar sus necesidades. Por ejemplo, los propietarios de viviendas pueden optar por instalar muelles desmontables para que los futuros dueños tengan la opción de retirar la estructura. Del mismo modo, los propietarios de establecimientos comerciales, como puertos deportivos o restaurantes, pueden querer instalar muelles desmontables para sustituir o reparar fácilmente las secciones del muelle o para ampliarlo en el futuro. 

The Benefits of Owning Your Own Dock

Tanto si es propietario de una vivienda como si tiene un negocio en un lago, río, mar o puerto, la construcción de un muelle puede suponer una serie de ventajas. Algunas de las ventajas de poseer su propio muelle privado son las siguientes:

• Immediate access to the water
• Seguridad añadida sin tasas de deslizamiento o almacenamiento
• Oportunidades de construcción y accesorios personalizados
• Aumento del valor de la propiedad
• Posibilidad de utilizarlo para otras actividades de ocio

Si le gusta pasar tiempo en el agua o cerca de ella, hay numerosas formas de utilizar y beneficiarse de tener su propio muelle privado: sólo tiene que determinar cuál es la mejor para usted.

Tipos de muelles permanentes

As a permanent dock is installed on the bed of the ocean, lake or river, the installation requires heavy equipment and intensive labor. These types of docks work well in shallow but consistent water. If you’re thinking of building a permanent dock, these are your options:

1. Muelles para cunas

Crib docks are permanent and custom-built, made from wooden frames or crates called “cribs.” The cribs are placed on the sea, lake or riverbed, filled with large rocks and then covered with decking. While very stable, crib docks are typically expensive. They basically extend the shoreline and can affect the natural flow of water and disrupt wildlife. Some areas don’t allow crib docks because of this.

A crib dock should last for decades, which makes it an excellent docking structure for permanent applications. However, if you choose these docks, you trade convenience for stability. Crib docks are intended to be installed for long-term use, which means you cannot easily remove or extend them. Crib docks may also cause long-term environmental problems, like disrupting the water flow along the shoreline, affecting nearby wildlife and causing issues if a flood were to occur.

2. Muelles de suspensión

Almost the opposite of crib docks, suspension docks hang over the water via cables and anchorage. These docks have a modern appearance and have much less impact on the environment compared to crib docks. Their interesting design may be visually appealing — however, due to the engineering required in their installation, suspension docks are very costly and time-consuming.

Al igual que los muelles de cuna, la instalación de un muelle colgante no es una decisión que deba tomarse hasta que se hayan considerado todos los factores. Existen algunos inconvenientes que los propietarios de muelles colgantes pueden no prever inmediatamente. Por ejemplo, mientras que las estructuras de los muelles flotantes pueden retirarse en caso de mal tiempo, los muelles colgantes son fijos y se ven obligados a soportar vientos o marejadas potencialmente perjudiciales. Si el muelle es de madera o aluminio, las piezas dañadas pueden ser más costosas de sustituir que las de plástico.

3. Muelles fijos

Los muelles fijos son ideales en zonas de aguas agitadas. Suelen reconocerse por sus grandes estructuras anexas, como cenadores. Los muelles fijos son una de las plataformas más estables para caminar, ya que están construidos de madera u hormigón con fijaciones al suelo bajo el agua.

These docks are best suited where water levels remain stable and consistent. If water levels rise too much, the dock could be submerged. If the levels dip too low, the dock ends up too high above the water, which makes embarking or disembarking  your boat quite a challenge.

4. Muelles de pilotaje

En los diques sobre pilotes, se introducen en el fondo grandes vigas de madera, denominadas pilotes, bajo el agua. A continuación, los pilotes se conectan al muelle -normalmente mediante un accesorio que contiene aros, rodillos o ambos-, lo que permite que el muelle suba y baje con los cambios del nivel del agua, manteniendo su posición en el agua. Los muelles de pilotes son ideales para pescar y para embarcaciones grandes. 

Es esencial planificar minuciosamente la construcción de un muelle de pilotes, ya que el éxito depende exclusivamente de su integridad estructural. Cualquier error, tratamiento incorrecto de los materiales o recorte de las esquinas puede provocar daños costosos. Por ejemplo, la madera sin tratar puede pudrirse con facilidad, mientras que la fibra de vidrio es más duradera. Los pilotes también necesitan protección contra los organismos destructivos y los dañinos rayos UV. Aunque pueden resistir fuertes corrientes, los muelles de pilotes son caros de construir y mantener y no se ajustan a los cambios de nivel del agua en comparación con un muelle modular flotante.

Tipos de muelles desmontables

Removable docks work best where the bottom of a body of water is too soft or deep for conventional dock attachments. There are several types of removable docks available, including the following:

1. Muelles modulares flotantes

Floating docks are versatile platforms designed to stay on the surface of water, typically supported by airtight drums. They offer pre-built sections that you can configure in various shapes to adapt to different conditions. Unlike fixed docks, the purpose of all types of floating docks is to adjust to water levels, making them suitable for rivers, seas or lakes that cannot support permanent structures.

The practicality of floating modular dock systems surpasses other dock types. They often require fewer permits since they minimize sediment damage, and critical electrical systems attached to the dock surface remain above water levels. During severe weather or off-season periods, you can move a floating dock easily to a storage location and reinstall it quickly when necessary. In certain cases, a floating modular dock can even remain in the water throughout winter, provided there are minimal wind or water currents that could potentially damage the docks by pushing ice against them.

2. Muelles de tuberías

Pipe docks are built like piling docks but with aluminum frames and removable decking. They are easier to build and more cost-effective. However, pipe docks are less stable, which is why they only work well in shallow water and need to be removed in colder months to prevent damage to the pipes due to freezing. Pipe docks cause the least impact on the environment since their surfaces barely make contact with the land or water.

While floating modular dock structures can rise and fall with the water level, pipe docks are stationary, meaning they submerge easily underwater. Experts recommend that the dock is raised, lowered or relocated in regions where seasonal variations may significantly influence water level or cause the water to freeze over. Though this dock system is initially less expensive, ice and rough currents may damage the piping or surface. Owners should anticipate repairing or replacing the pipes or surface sections occasionally.

3. Muelles elevadores

These docks are popular in cold areas where snow and ice impact the environment. They usually have sturdy, galvanized steel frames. Lift-up docks are attached to a winch that can be drawn up or even removed if necessary to protect it from any damage caused by ice. As convenient as they are, they can be quite expensive compared to other types of docks.

4. Muelles rodantes

Combine the stability of piling docks with the flexibility of floating docks and you’ve got rolling docks. They’re made out of lightweight aluminum and come with a set of large plastic or rubber wheels that make installation and removal easy, provided there’s enough space to roll them up onto the share. Rolling docks suit both calm and choppy waters and can also accommodate most types of PWCs.

Aunque estos muelles son versátiles y fáciles de instalar por los propietarios, no son compatibles con todas las costas. Los muelles rodantes necesitan grandes superficies planas para almacenarse, además de un suelo duro sin rocas.

Materiales del muelle

Choosing a dock involves much more than simply picking a style that meets your visual expectations. Many fixed and floating dock features make each suitable for a particular application. The type of material used to construct the dock should be another critical consideration when designing your new or replacement dock. To make the best decision for your water-side structure, you should examine factors including initial cost, durability, upkeep, damage risks and environmental impact.

Thankfully, you have options when it comes to building both a floating and fixed dock. Wood, aluminum and plastic are three popular boat dock decking materials you’ll likely consider. They all provide watercraft owners with a sturdy and reliable platform for launching watercraft. However, they have unique benefits. The differences between the three impact everything from long-term operating and ownership costs and maintenance responsibilities to the way these materials may potentially cause harm to the environment and those who use the dock.

1. Muelles de madera

Some may picture a traditional wooden dock for their property, and it’s easy to see why. For those who prefer a natural look, wood is aesthetically pleasing. Wood is a traditionally well-known boat dock decking material, but it does have several drawbacks — including intensive upkeep, a variable life span and limited safety hazards.

2. Muelles de aluminio

While your first thought may be traditional wooden docks when considering your options for decking materials, aluminum decking is another option you can weigh up. Assembled with interlocking edges, aluminum decking planks create a watertight and gapless seal. However, they are among the most expensive materials and lack the aesthetic appeal of other options.

3. Muelles de plástico

Those looking for a durable, cutting-edge floating dock will enjoy this material. This type of dock material is easy to install and can cater to budgets of all kinds. It is also a great option if you want the durability and longevity of aluminum docks without the high price tag.

While permanent wooden docks may have once been the traditional docking system, they’re no longer the most practical option. A plastic floating modular dock configuration tends to offer more benefits and fewer drawbacks than wooden and metal permanent docks combined. 

The best way to choose your dock material often involves seeing the pros and cons side by side. This handy table can help you make the right choice for your needs:

 

	Madera	Aluminio	Plástico
Coste	Costs vary depending on the type of wood used but often have a higher price.	Pre-built by manufacturers and often has higher initial costs.	Resin or plastic can save you money in the long run. A single system investment can move with you wherever you go.
Durabilidad	Natural look and polished finish that could last a few years. They need extensive staining, sanding and sealing to last.	Resistant to scratches and weather. It’s much stronger than wood and also lighter.	Made of durable dock surface materials and designed for maximum durability. It won’t rot or splinter.  If a resin or plastic dock section is damaged, it can be easily replaced. There is no worry about damaged posts, pipes or pilings either.
Mantenimiento	Painting and sanding is only a temporary solution. Exposure to water eventually causes wood to rot and degrade. Also needs refinishing every 2-3 years.	Doesn’t rust but will corrode, which can affect structural integrity. Require frequent spraying to prevent corrosion in salt water.	Plastic is much easier to maintain than other materials. It requires basic cleaning to remove dirt and debris.
Potential damage	Termites and other insects can cause significant damage.	Strong enough to resist damage from watercraft impact but can cause damage to boats on impact.	Floating modular plastic docks cause less damage to boats left in the water during harsh weather conditions or hurricanes. They can rise and fall with a surge that will keep the stress on dock lines at a minimum.
Repairs	Dry-rotted wood is a safety hazard, and replacements can cost thousands of dollars. If you discover minimal damage, you may be able to repair it yourself with wood filler.	No rot, pests or mold.	Many plastic decks come with warranties that protect against certain damages. For example, EZ Dock products and components are covered under a limited warranty. That means that any cracks, leaks, breakage and ultraviolet deterioration due to workmanship or material flaws are covered during the warranty period.
Consideraciones medioambientales	Wood is a 100% renewable resource that produces less air and water pollution than some other dock materials. However, pressure-treated wood involves chemicals that can contaminate the water.	Although the mining process and refinement of ore require some energy, aluminum is heavily recycled. You can reuse uncontaminated aluminum almost indefinitely.	Eco-friendly EZ Dock systems are made from polyethylene and molded rubber couplers that are recyclable and do not harm the environment. They are manufactured without wood products, foam filling or any other materials listed as hazardous wastes by the EPA. Up to 90% of the product is made with pre- or post-consumer waste recycled rubber and does not release any contaminants when damaged.
Configuration	Permanent wooden docks like piling or crib docks are challenging to remove. Many of these structures are customized and require tailored solutions.	Often manufactured in sections for installations, making them easy to reconfigure or add. It can be folded and stored when not in use.	Floating docks, such as those made by EZ Dock, can be easily removed when not in use. They can also be expanded or redesigned to adapt to multiple waterfronts and are available in customizable floating dock sections.
Longevidad	A well-maintained wooden dock made with pressure-treated lumber can last around 10 years. However, there is always a risk of rotting, warping, splitting and splintering despite regular maintenance.	Lasts the longest of most materials and stands the test of time.	Durable plastic docks are made to last. EZ Dock is designed to withstand many environmental challenges, including most low- to mid-category hurricanes.

Peligros potenciales para la seguridad en los muelles

Safety should always be a concern when creating and operating any dock. Keep the following safety hazards in mind when choosing your dock type and material:

• Hurting bare feet: People often remove their shoes for water activities, which means a lot of bare feet on your dock. The risk of splintering and hot surfaces could detract from the fun. Consider how your chosen material could injure bare feet. For example, an aluminum dock could burn on contact.
• Collapsing: Many people choose wood surface material over metal to limit the chance of burns. However, one hazard of wooden docks is the threat of splintering or rotting over time. Even treated surfaces can begin to degrade and show signs of damage as water and bacteria take their toll. Also, wood expands as it absorbs moisture and contracts as it dries out. This process can cause the wood to splinter even more, and these splinters can carry bacteria that cause infection. To help minimize the chances of catching a splinter on your deck, you can sand down any split boards or large splinters that you see.
• Slipping and falling: You should also consider how moisture and precipitation can result in slick dock surfaces. Regardless of the time of year, bad weather can create slippery conditions. If people are using your dock to enter and exit the water, there is potential for water to sit on the dock surface. If left untreated or uncleaned, wooden docks can be slick when wet, and aluminum docks can quickly become slippery.

Plastic floating modular docks have an immediate safety advantage, helping to eliminate most of the potential hazards inherent to wooden and metal docks. The surface of a polyethylene dock is slip-resistant and won’t splinter, enabling everyone to enjoy their deck freely without the worry of injuring bare feet. It also stays cool to help protect bare feet.

Muelles diseñados para condiciones de aguas bravas

Una de las principales fuerzas de la naturaleza con las que tienen que lidiar los muelles son las condiciones de las aguas bravas. Estas condiciones pueden ser el resultado de vientos fuertes, tormentas severas, huracanes e incluso tornados. Sea cual sea el tipo de clima que provoque las aguas agitadas, una cosa es segura: su muelle va a recibir una paliza.

While traditional wooden docks may survive a couple of severe storms, they will start falling apart before long. Nails and screws will start to poke out, boards will loosen and the wood’s protective finish will wear down. Sooner than later, a wooden dock will decompose from the rough water conditions.

Si busca ideas de muelles para aguas bravas, un muelle modular flotante de plástico es su mejor opción. Son el mejor diseño de dique flotante por muchas razones, incluida la capacidad de soportar condiciones meteorológicas turbulentas y olas violentas. Los muelles flotantes de plástico para aguas bravas sobrevivirán tormenta tras tormenta, por lo que podrá refugiarse con confianza, sabiendo que su muelle estará bien cuando amaine la tormenta.

Cómo elegir el mejor material para el muelle

Tanto si va a instalar un nuevo muelle como a remodelar una cubierta existente, lo más probable es que desee un proyecto terminado que no requiera un mantenimiento o reparaciones constantes. Los materiales de alta calidad que son duraderos y seguros son importantes, pero tampoco debería tener que sacrificar la apariencia para mantener los beneficios. Antes de decidirse por un material para el muelle, debe comparar todas las opciones para determinar las ventajas e inconvenientes inmediatos y a largo plazo de cada una. El mejor material para muelles será una superficie que requiera poco mantenimiento y que pueda resistir años de uso y de exposición a la intemperie.

Los muelles de aluminio y de madera presentan algunas ventajas, pero los muelles modulares flotantes de plástico son, con diferencia, las soluciones más ventajosas para los muelles. Tanto los costes iniciales como los generales de los muelles de plástico son inferiores a los de otras alternativas, lo que le ayudará a sentirse seguro de su inversión. También son fáciles de mantener, ya que requieren un mantenimiento limitado tanto en entornos de agua dulce como salada. Al comprar un muelle de plástico, debe buscar uno con una superficie antideslizante y respetuosa con el medio ambiente que pueda reconfigurarse, ampliarse o sustituirse cuando sea necesario.

Not All Materials Are Created Equal

Si se decide por un muelle flotante de plástico, no hay mejor opción que EZ Dock - la solución definitiva frente al mar. Somos uno de los principales fabricantes de muelles modulares flotantes del mundo y hemos ayudado a nuestros clientes a diseñar las soluciones de atraque perfectas para sus puertos deportivosresorts, y industrial o industriales o gubernamentales. Lagos, ríos y océanos - dondequiera que usted necesita un muelle, EZ Dock tiene cubierto.

Nuestro diseño pionero utiliza acoplamientos de caucho reciclado que permiten que cada pieza del muelle se mueva de forma independiente para mantener toda la estructura intacta durante las condiciones meteorológicas más duras y adversas. Estos muelles de polietileno son fáciles de mantener en cualquier entorno. Nunca tendrá que volver a pintar partes descoloridas, sustituir secciones podridas o reparar tablas astilladas. En su lugar, nuestros muelles modulares flotantes están diseñados para reducir el tiempo dedicado al mantenimiento y maximizar su tiempo en el agua.

EZ Dock tiene el muelle modular flotante para satisfacer sus necesidades

Just starting the dock research process? Check out our getting started guide to walk through additional considerations and get frequently asked questions answered. With competitive pricing and the ability to customize, EZ Dock will enhance your outdoor experience like never before. We offer various docking systems to suit your needs, including floating docks, ports, lifts and kayak or canoe launches. We even offer add-ons, like railings, dock accessories and walkways, to help you achieve the exact dock experience you want to create.

Contact the EZ Dock team today if you need more information or a quote. We can help you build a high-quality customized dock designed to outlast and outperform wood and aluminum decks.

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