Type of Docks: Which One is the Best?

Whether you’ve just purchased a property on the water or want to revamp your current one, you’re probably considering building a dock. Docks are useful and valuable no matter where on the water you are situated.

If you’re ready to enjoy your own dock but find yourself baffled by the different dock types, let the EZ Dock experts lend you some advice. Our water experts and enthusiasts are here to help you choose the ideal dock that will let you spend less time on upkeep and more time in the water. Since 1991, we’ve matched boat owners with floating docks that meet and exceed their unique personal watercraft (PWC) needs.

Read the full guide to docking choices or jump to a specific section: 

• Determining Your Dock Needs
• Benefits of Owning Your Own Dock 
• Types of Permanent Docks
• Types of Removable Docks
• Dock Materials
• Potential Dock Safety Hazards
• Docks Designed for Rough Water Conditions
• Choosing the Best Dock Material

Determining Your Dock Needs

When determining your dock needs, you need to consider several different factors. You can choose from many types of docks for lakes, oceans, and dams, each with different material choices. Dock placement is also important, as the tide or bottom conditions can determine which type best suits your waterfront area. While different docking systems and configurations offer their own benefits, certain structures will better align with specific needs.

Although there are assorted types of boat docks, you can place them in one of two general categories — removable and permanent docks. Permanent dock structures are installed securely into the ground with the intent to remain there permanently. Removable docks are typically semipermanent with the option to expand, reconfigure or remove them as necessary. When choosing a dock style, the first step would be to decide on the location and ask yourself the following questions:

• How deep is the water, and what are the conditions like at the bottom? 
• Should the dock be permanent, adjustable or removable?
• How many boats, kayaks or other PWCs will the dock need to accommodate simultaneously?
• Will the water level rising and falling limit the dock’s usage?
• Will the dock be exposed to any ice during the winter if the surface freezes?
• Does your area experience heavy boat traffic or frequent storms?
• How much are you willing to spend on building and maintaining your dock?
• Are you having the dock installed or are you looking for a dock option that’s DIY-friendly?
• Will you use the dock for private or commercial applications?

Whether installing a dock in a residential area or adding value to a commercial space, you’ll want to consider how your needs could change. For instance, owners of residential properties may choose to install removable docks so that future owners have the option of removing the structure. Similarly, owners of commercial establishments like marinas or restaurants may want to install removable docks to easily replace or repair dock sections or for the purpose of future expansion. 

The Benefits of Owning Your Own Dock

Whether you’re a homeowner or a business owner with property on a lake, river, oceanfront or harbor, building a dock can present a number of advantages. Some of the benefits of owning your own private dock include the following:

• Immediate access to the water
• Added security with no slip or storage fees
• Opportunities for customized construction and accessories
• Increased property value
• Ability to use it for other leisure activities

If you enjoy spending time out on or near the water, there are numerous ways to use and benefit from having your own private dock — you just need to determine the best one for you!

Types of Permanent Docks

As a permanent dock is installed on the bed of the ocean, lake or river, the installation requires heavy equipment and intensive labor. These types of docks work well in shallow but consistent water. If you’re thinking of building a permanent dock, these are your options:

1. Crib Docks

Crib docks are permanent and custom-built, made from wooden frames or crates called “cribs.” The cribs are placed on the sea, lake or riverbed, filled with large rocks and then covered with decking. While very stable, crib docks are typically expensive. They basically extend the shoreline and can affect the natural flow of water and disrupt wildlife. Some areas don’t allow crib docks because of this.

A crib dock should last for decades, which makes it an excellent docking structure for permanent applications. However, if you choose these docks, you trade convenience for stability. Crib docks are intended to be installed for long-term use, which means you cannot easily remove or extend them. Crib docks may also cause long-term environmental problems, like disrupting the water flow along the shoreline, affecting nearby wildlife and causing issues if a flood were to occur.

2. Suspension Docks

Almost the opposite of crib docks, suspension docks hang over the water via cables and anchorage. These docks have a modern appearance and have much less impact on the environment compared to crib docks. Their interesting design may be visually appealing — however, due to the engineering required in their installation, suspension docks are very costly and time-consuming.

Much like crib docks, installing a suspension dock is not a decision that should be made until all factors have been considered. There are some drawbacks that suspension dock owners may not immediately anticipate. For instance, while floating dock structures can be removed during instances of severe weather, suspension docks are stationary and are forced to endure potentially damaging winds or water swells. If the dock is made from wood or aluminum, damaged pieces may cost more to replace than plastic materials.

3. Fixed Docks

Fixed docks are great in areas with choppy water. You can usually recognize them by their large attached structures, like gazebos. Fixed docks are one of the most stable platforms to walk on since they are built out of wood or concrete with attachments to the floor under the water.

These docks are best suited where water levels remain stable and consistent. If water levels rise too much, the dock could be submerged. If the levels dip too low, the dock ends up too high above the water, which makes embarking or disembarking  your boat quite a challenge.

4. Piling Docks

With piling docks, large wooden beams called pilings are inserted deep into the floor under the water. Then, the pilings are connected to the dock — typically by an attachment that contains hoops, rollers or both — which will then allow the dock to rise and fall with changing water levels while still maintaining its position in the water. Piling docks work well as fishing docks and for larger boats. 

It’s essential to thoroughly plan out the construction of a piling dock, as success rests solely on its structural integrity. Any mistakes, incorrectly treated materials or cut corners could lead to expensive damage. For example, untreated wood could easily rot, whereas fiberglass is more durable. Pilings also need protection from destructive organisms and harmful UV rays. Although they can withstand strong currents, piling docks are expensive to build and maintain and don’t adjust to water level changes compared to a floating modular dock.

Types of Removable Docks

Removable docks work best where the bottom of a body of water is too soft or deep for conventional dock attachments. There are several types of removable docks available, including the following:

1. Floating Modular Docks

Floating docks are versatile platforms designed to stay on the surface of water, typically supported by airtight drums. They offer pre-built sections that you can configure in various shapes to adapt to different conditions. Unlike fixed docks, the purpose of all types of floating docks is to adjust to water levels, making them suitable for rivers, seas or lakes that cannot support permanent structures.

The practicality of floating modular dock systems surpasses other dock types. They often require fewer permits since they minimize sediment damage, and critical electrical systems attached to the dock surface remain above water levels. During severe weather or off-season periods, you can move a floating dock easily to a storage location and reinstall it quickly when necessary. In certain cases, a floating modular dock can even remain in the water throughout winter, provided there are minimal wind or water currents that could potentially damage the docks by pushing ice against them.

2. Pipe Docks

Pipe docks are built like piling docks but with aluminum frames and removable decking. They are easier to build and more cost-effective. However, pipe docks are less stable, which is why they only work well in shallow water and need to be removed in colder months to prevent damage to the pipes due to freezing. Pipe docks cause the least impact on the environment since their surfaces barely make contact with the land or water.

While floating modular dock structures can rise and fall with the water level, pipe docks are stationary, meaning they submerge easily underwater. Experts recommend that the dock is raised, lowered or relocated in regions where seasonal variations may significantly influence water level or cause the water to freeze over. Though this dock system is initially less expensive, ice and rough currents may damage the piping or surface. Owners should anticipate repairing or replacing the pipes or surface sections occasionally.

3. Lift-Up Docks

These docks are popular in cold areas where snow and ice impact the environment. They usually have sturdy, galvanized steel frames. Lift-up docks are attached to a winch that can be drawn up or even removed if necessary to protect it from any damage caused by ice. As convenient as they are, they can be quite expensive compared to other types of docks.

4. Rolling Docks

Combine the stability of piling docks with the flexibility of floating docks and you’ve got rolling docks. They’re made out of lightweight aluminum and come with a set of large plastic or rubber wheels that make installation and removal easy, provided there’s enough space to roll them up onto the share. Rolling docks suit both calm and choppy waters and can also accommodate most types of PWCs.

Even though these docks are versatile and easy for owners to install themselves, they’re not compatible with all shorelines. Rolling docks need large flat areas for storage, plus hard ground with no rocks.

Dock Materials

Choosing a dock involves much more than simply picking a style that meets your visual expectations. Many fixed and floating dock features make each suitable for a particular application. The type of material used to construct the dock should be another critical consideration when designing your new or replacement dock. To make the best decision for your water-side structure, you should examine factors including initial cost, durability, upkeep, damage risks and environmental impact.

Thankfully, you have options when it comes to building both a floating and fixed dock. Wood, aluminum and plastic are three popular boat dock decking materials you’ll likely consider. They all provide watercraft owners with a sturdy and reliable platform for launching watercraft. However, they have unique benefits. The differences between the three impact everything from long-term operating and ownership costs and maintenance responsibilities to the way these materials may potentially cause harm to the environment and those who use the dock.

1. Wood Docks

Some may picture a traditional wooden dock for their property, and it’s easy to see why. For those who prefer a natural look, wood is aesthetically pleasing. Wood is a traditionally well-known boat dock decking material, but it does have several drawbacks — including intensive upkeep, a variable life span and limited safety hazards.

2. Aluminum Docks

While your first thought may be traditional wooden docks when considering your options for decking materials, aluminum decking is another option you can weigh up. Assembled with interlocking edges, aluminum decking planks create a watertight and gapless seal. However, they are among the most expensive materials and lack the aesthetic appeal of other options.

3. Plastic Docks

Those looking for a durable, cutting-edge floating dock will enjoy this material. This type of dock material is easy to install and can cater to budgets of all kinds. It is also a great option if you want the durability and longevity of aluminum docks without the high price tag.

While permanent wooden docks may have once been the traditional docking system, they’re no longer the most practical option. A plastic floating modular dock configuration tends to offer more benefits and fewer drawbacks than wooden and metal permanent docks combined. 

The best way to choose your dock material often involves seeing the pros and cons side by side. This handy table can help you make the right choice for your needs:

 

	Wood	Aluminum	Plastic
Cost	Costs vary depending on the type of wood used but often have a higher price.	Pre-built by manufacturers and often has higher initial costs.	Resin or plastic can save you money in the long run. A single system investment can move with you wherever you go.
Durability	Natural look and polished finish that could last a few years. They need extensive staining, sanding and sealing to last.	Resistant to scratches and weather. It’s much stronger than wood and also lighter.	Made of durable dock surface materials and designed for maximum durability. It won’t rot or splinter.  If a resin or plastic dock section is damaged, it can be easily replaced. There is no worry about damaged posts, pipes or pilings either.
Maintenance	Painting and sanding is only a temporary solution. Exposure to water eventually causes wood to rot and degrade. Also needs refinishing every 2-3 years.	Doesn’t rust but will corrode, which can affect structural integrity. Require frequent spraying to prevent corrosion in salt water.	Plastic is much easier to maintain than other materials. It requires basic cleaning to remove dirt and debris.
Potential damage	Termites and other insects can cause significant damage.	Strong enough to resist damage from watercraft impact but can cause damage to boats on impact.	Floating modular plastic docks cause less damage to boats left in the water during harsh weather conditions or hurricanes. They can rise and fall with a surge that will keep the stress on dock lines at a minimum.
Repairs	Dry-rotted wood is a safety hazard, and replacements can cost thousands of dollars. If you discover minimal damage, you may be able to repair it yourself with wood filler.	No rot, pests or mold.	Many plastic decks come with warranties that protect against certain damages. For example, EZ Dock products and components are covered under a limited warranty. That means that any cracks, leaks, breakage and ultraviolet deterioration due to workmanship or material flaws are covered during the warranty period.
Environmental Considerations	Wood is a 100% renewable resource that produces less air and water pollution than some other dock materials. However, pressure-treated wood involves chemicals that can contaminate the water.	Although the mining process and refinement of ore require some energy, aluminum is heavily recycled. You can reuse uncontaminated aluminum almost indefinitely.	Eco-friendly EZ Dock systems are made from polyethylene and molded rubber couplers that are recyclable and do not harm the environment. They are manufactured without wood products, foam filling or any other materials listed as hazardous wastes by the EPA. Up to 90% of the product is made with pre- or post-consumer waste recycled rubber and does not release any contaminants when damaged.
Configuration	Permanent wooden docks like piling or crib docks are challenging to remove. Many of these structures are customized and require tailored solutions.	Often manufactured in sections for installations, making them easy to reconfigure or add. It can be folded and stored when not in use.	Floating docks, such as those made by EZ Dock, can be easily removed when not in use. They can also be expanded or redesigned to adapt to multiple waterfronts and are available in customizable floating dock sections.
Longevity	A well-maintained wooden dock made with pressure-treated lumber can last around 10 years. However, there is always a risk of rotting, warping, splitting and splintering despite regular maintenance.	Lasts the longest of most materials and stands the test of time.	Durable plastic docks are made to last. EZ Dock is designed to withstand many environmental challenges, including most low- to mid-category hurricanes.

Potential Dock Safety Hazards

Safety should always be a concern when creating and operating any dock. Keep the following safety hazards in mind when choosing your dock type and material:

• Hurting bare feet: People often remove their shoes for water activities, which means a lot of bare feet on your dock. The risk of splintering and hot surfaces could detract from the fun. Consider how your chosen material could injure bare feet. For example, an aluminum dock could burn on contact.
• Collapsing: Many people choose wood surface material over metal to limit the chance of burns. However, one hazard of wooden docks is the threat of splintering or rotting over time. Even treated surfaces can begin to degrade and show signs of damage as water and bacteria take their toll. Also, wood expands as it absorbs moisture and contracts as it dries out. This process can cause the wood to splinter even more, and these splinters can carry bacteria that cause infection. To help minimize the chances of catching a splinter on your deck, you can sand down any split boards or large splinters that you see.
• Slipping and falling: You should also consider how moisture and precipitation can result in slick dock surfaces. Regardless of the time of year, bad weather can create slippery conditions. If people are using your dock to enter and exit the water, there is potential for water to sit on the dock surface. If left untreated or uncleaned, wooden docks can be slick when wet, and aluminum docks can quickly become slippery.

Plastic floating modular docks have an immediate safety advantage, helping to eliminate most of the potential hazards inherent to wooden and metal docks. The surface of a polyethylene dock is slip-resistant and won’t splinter, enabling everyone to enjoy their deck freely without the worry of injuring bare feet. It also stays cool to help protect bare feet.

Docks Designed for Rough Water Conditions

One of the main forces of nature that docks have to deal with is rough water conditions. These conditions can be the result of high winds, severe storms, hurricanes and even tornadoes. Whatever type of weather causes the choppy water, one thing is certain — your dock is going to take a beating.

While traditional wooden docks may survive a couple of severe storms, they will start falling apart before long. Nails and screws will start to poke out, boards will loosen and the wood’s protective finish will wear down. Sooner than later, a wooden dock will decompose from the rough water conditions.

If you’re looking for dock ideas for rough water, a plastic floating modular dock is your best choice. They’re the best floating dock design for many reasons, including the ability to withstand turbulent weather conditions and violent waves. Plastic floating docks for rough water will survive storm after storm, so you can bunker down with confidence, knowing your dock will be fine when the storm subsides.

Choosing the Best Dock Material

Whether you’re installing a new dock or remodeling an existing deck, chances are that you want a completed project that doesn’t require constant maintenance or repairs. High-quality materials that are durable and safe are important, but you also shouldn’t have to sacrifice appearance to retain benefits. Before you decide on a decking material, you should compare all options to determine the immediate and long-term benefits and drawbacks of each. The best dock material will be a low-maintenance, barefoot-friendly surface that can endure years of weathering and use.

Aluminum and wooden docks do feature a handful of benefits, but plastic floating modular docks are by far the most advantageous waterfront solutions. Both initial and overall costs for plastic decks are lower than other docking alternatives, which helps you feel secure in your investment. They’re also easy to maintain, requiring limited upkeep in both fresh and saltwater environments. When shopping for a plastic dock, you should look for one that features a slip-resistant, eco-friendly surface that can be reconfigured, added on to or replaced when needed.

Not All Materials Are Created Equal

If you decide on a floating plastic dock, there’s no better option than EZ Dock — the ultimate waterfront solution. We are one of the top floating modular dock manufacturers in the world and have helped our customers design the perfect docking solutions for their homes, marinas, resorts, and industrial or government facilities. Lakeside, riverside and oceanside — wherever you need a dock, EZ Dock has you covered.

Our pioneering design uses recycled rubber couplings that allow each piece of the dock to move independently to keep the entire structure intact during the heaviest and harshest weather. These polyethylene docks are effortless to maintain in every environment. You’ll never need to repaint faded portions, replace rotted sections or repair splintered boards. Instead, our floating modular docks are designed to decrease time spent on maintenance while maximizing your time on the water.

EZ Dock Has the Floating Modular Dock to Meet Your Needs

Just starting the dock research process? Check out our getting started guide to walk through additional considerations and get frequently asked questions answered. With competitive pricing and the ability to customize, EZ Dock will enhance your outdoor experience like never before. We offer various docking systems to suit your needs, including floating docks, ports, lifts and kayak or canoe launches. We even offer add-ons, like railings, dock accessories and walkways, to help you achieve the exact dock experience you want to create.

Contact the EZ Dock team today if you need more information or a quote. We can help you build a high-quality customized dock designed to outlast and outperform wood and aluminum decks.

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